Soluble catalyst systems for the preparation of polyalk-1-enes having high molecular weights

ABSTRACT

Catalyst systems for the polymerization of C 2  -C 10  -alk-1-enes contain, as active components, 
     a) a metallocene complex of the general formula I ##STR1##  where M is titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium or tantalum, X is halogen or C 1  --C 8  -alkyl, Y is carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon or germanium, Z is C 1  -C 8  -alkyl, C 3  -C 10  -cycloalkyl or C 6  -C 10  -aryl, R 1  and R 2  are identical or different and are each C 1  -C 4  -alkyl, R 3  to R 6  are identical or different and are each hydrogen or C 1  -C 8  -alkyl, or two adjacent radicals R 3  and R 4  and R 5  and R 6  in each case together form a hydrocarbon ring system of 4 to 15 carbon atoms and n is 0, 1 or 2, and 
     b) an open-chain or cyclic alumoxane compound of the general formula II or III ##STR2##  where R 7  is C 1  -C 4  -alkyl and n is from 5 to 30. The novel catalyst systems are particularly suitable for the preparation of polyalk-1-enes having high molecular weights.

The present invention relates to catalyst systems for the polymerization of C₂ -C₁₀ -alk-1-enes, containing, as active components,

a) a metallocene complex of the general formula I ##STR3## where M is titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium or tantalum, X is halogen or C₁ -C₈ -alkyl, Y is carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon or germanium, Z is C₁ -C₈ -alkyl, C₃ -C₁₀ -cycloalkyl or C₆ -C₁₀ -aryl, R¹ and R² are identical or different and are each C₁ -C₄ -alkyl, R³ to R⁶ are identical or different and are each hydrogen or C₁ -C₈ -alkyl, or two adjacent radicals R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ and R⁶ in each case together form a hydrocarbon ring system of 4 to 15 carbon atoms and n is 0, 1 or 2, and

b) an open-chain or cyclic alumoxane compound of the general formula II or III ##STR4## where R⁷ is C₁ -C₄ -alkyl and m is from 5 to 30.

The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of polymers of propylene with the aid of these catalyst systems and to the polymers obtainable by this process.

In addition to the insoluble Ziegler-Natta catalysts, soluble catalysts systems can also be used for the polymerization of alk-1-enes. Said soluble catalyst systems are complex compounds of metals of subgroups IV and V of the Periodic Table with organic ligands, which are used in conjunction with oligomeric aluminum compounds (EP-A 185 918, EP-A 283 739 and GB-A 2 207 136). The complex compounds used in these catalyst systems contain, as organic ligands, generally cyclopentadienyl groups which form π bonds with the transition metal. Transition metal complexes which, in addition to organic ligands, also contain halogens bonded to the metal atom are also frequently used as catalysts.

EP-A 284 708 and 316 155 and EP-A 355 447 describe soluble catalyst systems for the polymerization of alk-1-enes, in which bis(cyclopentadienyl) complexes of metals of subgroup IV of the Periodic Table are used as complex compounds, the two cyclopentadienyl rings being bonded by an alkyl-substituted silicon, tin or germanium atom or by sulfur atoms. Transition metal complexes in which the cyclopentadienyl rings are substituted by alkyl and which contain, as further ligands, two halogens bonded to the transition metal may also be used. The oligomeric aluminum compounds preferably used are linear or cyclic alumoxane compounds of the general formula II or III.

With the aid of such catalyst systems it is possible to obtain polymers of propylene which have, inter alia, a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution. In contrast to polypropylene which is prepared by using insoluble Ziegler-Natta catalysts, the molecular weights of the polypropylenes obtained in this manner are substantially lower, so that they cannot be used for many applications where polymers having molecular weights of more than 100,000 are employed.

A possible method for increasing the molecular weights of polyolefins is to reduce the reaction temperature during the polymerization. Propylene polymers having molecular weights of about 50,000 (M_(w)) are obtainable in this manner, for example in EP-A 355 447. In this measure, however, the increase in the molecular weights is associated with a substantial decrease in the polymerization rate, ie. a substantial increase in the reaction time, so that the reduction of the reaction temperature has an adverse effect on the cost-efficiency of the production process.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome this disadvantage and to provide an improved soluble catalyst system which makes it possible to prepare polyalk-1-enes with high molecular weights in a very economical manner.

We have found that this object is achieved by the soluble catalyst systems defined at the outset.

According to the invention, metal complexes of the general formula I, where titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium or tantalum are used as the central atom M, are used. In the metal complexes to be used according to the invention and of the general formula I, the central atom is bonded on the one hand via π bonds to substituted cyclopentadienyl groups and on the other hand to further substituents X, which may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine or C₁ -C₈ -alkyl. Metallocene complexes of the general formula I in which M is zirconium or hafnium and X is chlorine or bromine are preferably used.

Furthermore, the metal complex to be used according to the invention and of the general formula I contains, in addition to the central atom and its substituents and the substituted cyclopentadienyl groups, also a bridge member (Z)_(n) Y, which bonds the two cyclopentadienyl groups- to one another. Here, Y is carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon or germanium, Z is C₁ -C₈ -alkyl, C₃ -C₁₀ -cycloalkyl or C₈ -C₁₀ -aryl and n is 0, 1 or 2.

In the preferably used metallocene complexes of the general formula I, Y is carbon, sulfur or silicon, Z is C₁ -C₄ -alkyl and n is 2.

A further important component of the metal complexes to be used according to the invention and of the general formula I are substituted cyclopentadienyl groups. These each contain radicals R¹ or R² which are identical or different and are each C₁ -C₄ -alkyl, in particular methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or tert-butyl. These cyclopentadienyl groups also have the substituents R³ to R⁶, where R³ to R⁶ are identical or different and are each hydrogen or C₁ -C₈ -alkyl, or two adjacent radicals R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ and R⁶ in each case together form a hydrocarbon ring system of 4 to 15 carbon atoms. Metallocene complexes of the general formula I whose cyclopentadienyl groups have substituents R³ to R⁶ where R³ and R⁵ are each C₁ -C₄ -alkyl and R⁴ and R⁶ are each hydrogen and two adjacent radicals R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ and R⁶ in each case together form a hydrocarbon ring system of 4 to 12 carbon atoms, for example an indenyl system, are preferably used. The number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon ring systems includes the two carbon atoms of the cyclopentadienyl system which serve as linkage points with the substituents R³ to R⁶ so that, for example when R3and R4and R 5 and R6 are in each case cyclohexyl, there are altogether two hydrocarbon ring systems, each of 6 carbon atoms.

Examples of particularly preferred metallocene complexes include

dimethylsilanediylbis-(2-methylindenyl)-zirconium dichloride,

diethylsilanediylbis-(2-methylindenyl)-zirconium dichloride,

dimethylsilanediylbis-(2-ethylindenyl)-zirconium dichloride,

dimethylsilanediylbis-(2-isopropylindenyl)-zirconium dichloride,

dimethylsilanediylbis-(2-tert-butylindenyl)-zirconium dichloride,

diethylsilanediylbis-(2-methylindenyl)-zirconium dibromide,

dimethylthiobis-(2-methylindenyl)-zirconium dichloride,

dimethylsilanediylbis-(2-methyl-5-methylcyclopentadienyl)-zirconium dichloride,

dimethylsilanediylbis-(2-methyl-5-ethylcyclopentadienyl)-zirconium dichloride,

dimethylsilanediylbis-(2-ethyl-5-isopropylcyclopentadienyl)-zirconium dichloride,

dimethylsilanediylbis-(2-methylindanyl)-zirconium dichloride,

dimethylsilanediylbis-(2-methylbenzindenyl)-zirconium dichloride and

dimethylsilanediylbis-(2-methylindenyl)-hafnium dichloride.

The synthesis of such complexes can be carried out by conventional methods, the reaction of the correspondingly substituted cycloalkenyl anions with halides of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium or tantalum being preferred. Examples of corresponding preparation processes are described in, inter alia, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 369 (1989), 359-370.

In addition to the metallocene complex, the novel catalyst system also contains linear or cyclic alumoxane compounds of the general formula II or III ##STR5## where R⁷ is preferably methyl or ethyl and m is preferably from 10 to 25.

The preparation-of these alumoxane compounds is usually carried out by reacting a solution of trialkylaluminum with water and is described in, inter alia, EP-A 284 708 and US-A 4,794,096.

As a rule, the alumoxanes obtained are a form of mixtures of both linear and cyclic chain molecules of different lengths, so that m should be regarded as an average value. The alumoxane compound may also contain trialkylaluminum compounds whose alkyl groups are each of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, for example trimethyl-, triethyl- or methyldiethylaluminum.

In the polymerization of alk-1-enes with the aid of the novel catalyst system, it i-s advantageous to use the metallocene complex a) and the alumoxane compound b) in amounts such that the atomic ratio of aluminum from the alumoxane b) to the transition metal from the metallocene complex a) is from 10:1 to 10⁶ :1, in particular from 10:1 to 10⁴ :1. The two catalyst components can be introduced into the polymerization reactor individually in any order or as a mixture. A particularly reactive soluble catalyst system is obtainable when the metallocene complex a) and the alumoxane compound b) are mixed with one another from 5 to 60, preferably from 10 to 40, minutes before the actual polymerization. The catalyst activated in this manner can then be used immediately.

With the aid of these soluble catalyst systems, it is possible to prepare polymers of alk-1-enes. These are understood as meaning homo- and copolymers of C₂ -C₁₀ -alk-1-enes, ethylene, propylene, but-1-ene, pent-1-ene and hex-1-ene preferably being used as monomers. The novel catalyst systems are particularly suitable for the preparation of polypropylene and of copolymers of propylene with minor amounts of other C₂ -C₁₀ -alk-l-enes, in particular of ethylene and but-1-ene.

The preparation of these polymers can be carried out in the conventional reactors used f or the polymerization of alk-1-enes, either batchwise or, preferably, continuously. Suitable reactors include continuously operated stirred kettles and a number of stirred kettles connected in series may also be used.

The polymerization is carried out at from 0.1 to 3,000, preferably from 0.5 to 2,500, bar and from -20 to 300° C., preferably from +10° to +150° C. The polymerization time is usually from 0.5 to 10 hours.

Polymerization reactions carried out with the aid of the novel catalyst system can be effected in the gas phase, in liquid monomers or in inert solvents. The polymerization in solvents, in particular in liquid hydrocarbons, such as benzene or toluene, is preferably used. In this case, it is advantageous if from 10⁻⁴ to 10⁻¹ mol of aluminum as alumoxane is used per liter of the solvent.

The average molecular weight of the polymers formed can be controlled by the methods conventionally used in polymerization technology, for example by the addition of regulators, such as hydrogen, or by changing the reaction temperatures.

Polymers prepared with the aid of the novel catalyst systems have a high molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution. They can also be prepared at relatively high temperatures, with the result that the polymerization time can be limited. Owing to these properties, the polymers obtainable using the novel catalyst systems are particularly suitable for the production of films and moldings.

EXAMPLES FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYPROPYLENE Example 1

350 ml of dry toluene were initially taken in a stirred autoclave having a useful volume of 1 1, and a solution of 0.45 g of methylalumoxane (average chain length m =20) in 30 ml of toluene was then added. 7.6·10⁻³ mol of aluminum was used per liter of the solvent. A solution of 15 mg of dimethylsilanediylbis-(2-methylindenyl)-zirconium dichloride (corresponding to 31.2·10⁻⁶ mol in 15 ml of toluene was then added, so that the atomic ratio of aluminum to zirconium was 244:1. This mixture was first stirred for 30 minutes at 50° C., after which propylene was forced in under a pressure of 2 bar and polymerization was carried out for 4 hours and 40 minutes. The polymerization was effected at 50° C. and 2 bar. Thereafter, unconsumed propylene was removed and a mixture of 1 1 of methanol and 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid were added to the reaction solution. The precipitated polymer was filtered off, washed with methanol and dried under reduced pressure.

45 g of polypropylene having a weight average molecular weight (M_(w)) of 114,200, a number average molecular weight (M_(n)) of 41,500 and a molecular weight distribution (M_(w) /M_(n)) of 2.75 were obtained.

Example 2

The procedure was similar to that of Example 1, 350 ml of dry toluene likewise being initially taken and a solution of 0.45 g of methylalumoxane (m=20) in 30 ml of toluene then being added. Thereafter, a suspension of 0.5 mg of dimethylsilanediylbis-[3,3'-(2-methylbenzindenyl)]-zirconium dichloride in 20 ml of toluene was added, so that the atomic ratio of aluminum to zirconium was 8950 : 1. The further procedure was then as described under Example 1.

51.4 g of polypropylene having a weight average molecular weight (M_(w)) of 142,896, a number average molecular weight (M_(n)) of 91,917 and a molecular weight distribution of 1.55 were obtained.

Pentad content, measured by ¹³ C-NMR: amount mmmm=93.5%. 

We claim:
 1. A catalyst system for the polymerization of C₂ -C₁₀ -alk-1-enes, containing, as active components,a) a metallocene complex of the formula I ##STR6## where M is titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium or tantalum, X is halogen or C₁ -C₈ -alkyl, Y is carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon or germanium, Z is C₁ -C₈ -alkyl, C₃ -C₁₀ -cycloalkyl or C₆ -C₁₀ -aryl, R¹ and R² are identical or different and are each C₁ -C₄ -alkyl, two adjacent radicals R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ and R⁶ in each case together form,, a hydrocarbon ring system of 10 to 15 carbon atoms and n is 0, 1 or 2, and b) an open-chain or cyclic alumoxane compound of the formula II or III ##STR7## where R⁷ is C₁ -C₄ -alkyl and m is from 5 to
 30. 2. A catalyst system as claimed in claim 1, in which M is hafnium or zirconium.
 3. A catalyst system as claimed in claim 1, in which X is chlorine or bromine.
 4. A catalyst system as claimed in claim 1, in which Y is carbon, sulfur or silicon.
 5. A catalyst system as claimed in claim 1, wherein R¹ and R² are identical or different and are each methyl, ethyl, isopropyl or tert-butyl.
 6. A catalyst system as claimed in claim 1, in which two adjacent radicals R³ and R⁴ and R⁵ and R⁶ in each case together form a hydrocarbon ring system of 10 to 12 carbon atoms.
 7. A catalyst system as claimed in claim 1, in which the metallocene complex a) and the alumoxane compound b) are used in amounts such that the atomic ratio of aluminum from the alumoxane b) to the transition metal from the metallocene complex a) is from 10:1 to 10⁶ :1.
 8. A catalyst system as claimed in claim 1, obtainable by mixing the metallocene complex a) and the alumoxane compound b) for from 5 to 60 minutes before the polymerization. 